Andean Explorer

Route overview

The Andean Explorer is a luxury sleeper train service in Peru, operating on the standard gauge network of the former Southern Railway of Peru. The route typically runs between Poroy Station, near Cusco, and Arequipa, with a notable stop at Puno on the shores of Lake Titicaca. The journey covers approximately 460 kilometres, traversing some of the highest terrain in the Americas. The train climbs to altitudes exceeding 4,300 metres at points, offering passengers a unique perspective on the Andean plateau. The service is primarily aimed at tourists seeking a scenic and comfortable travel experience, with onboard accommodations, dining, and observation cars. The route passes through diverse landscapes, from the historic city of Cusco, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, to the vast Altiplano and the colonial architecture of Arequipa. The train operates on a scheduled basis, often with one or two departures per week, depending on the season. The journey typically takes one or two nights, allowing ample time to enjoy the scenery and onboard amenities. The Andean Explorer is renowned for its elegant style, reminiscent of the golden age of rail travel, and is considered one of the most spectacular train journeys in South America.

History of the line

The railway line used by the Andean Explorer has its origins in the late 19th century, when the Peruvian government and private companies sought to connect the highland city of Cusco with the coast and other major cities. The Southern Railway of Peru was constructed between the 1870s and 1900s, with the section from Cusco to Puno and on to Arequipa completed in the early 20th century. The line was built to standard gauge, a rarity in the region, and required extensive engineering works, including bridges, tunnels, and zigzags to overcome the steep Andean terrain. The railway played a crucial role in the economic development of southern Peru, facilitating the transport of goods and passengers. In the late 20th century, passenger services declined, but the route gained popularity among tourists. In the 1990s, the luxury train operator Orient-Express Hotels (now Belmond) introduced the Andean Explorer, reviving the tradition of elegant rail travel in the region. The service has since become a flagship product, offering a refined way to experience the Andes. The train initially operated between Cusco and Puno, but later expanded to include the journey to Arequipa. The route continues to be maintained and operated primarily for tourist services, preserving an important piece of Peru’s railway heritage.

Landscape and scenery

The Andean Explorer traverses a dramatic and varied landscape, beginning in the fertile valley around Cusco. As the train climbs out of the valley, passengers are treated to views of terraced hillsides, traditional Andean villages, and the snow-capped peaks of the Cordillera Vilcanota. The route then emerges onto the Altiplano, a vast high-altitude plateau that stretches across southern Peru and into Bolivia. Here, the scenery is characterised by rolling grasslands, herds of llamas and alpacas, and distant volcanic cones. The highlight of the journey is the approach to Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, where the train skirts the shoreline near Puno. The lake’s deep blue waters contrast with the arid surroundings, creating a striking visual. Beyond Puno, the train continues across the Altiplano towards Arequipa, passing through remote landscapes and crossing the Continental Divide. The descent towards Arequipa reveals the dramatic canyon country of the Andes, with deep gorges and the imposing Misti volcano in the distance. The ever-changing vistas, combined with the clear Andean light, make this one of the most scenic rail journeys in the world. The high altitude also means that passengers may experience dramatic weather changes, from bright sunshine to sudden hail or snow, adding to the sense of adventure.

Key stations and cities

The Andean Explorer serves several key stations, each offering access to significant cultural and historical sites. The journey typically begins at Poroy Station, about 20 minutes from the city of Cusco. Cusco itself is a major attraction, known for its Inca ruins, colonial architecture, and vibrant markets. The train then travels through the Sacred Valley, though it does not stop at the main tourist towns. The first major stop is Puno, a city on the shores of Lake Titicaca. Puno serves as a gateway to the lake’s islands, including the Uros floating islands and Taquile Island, known for its traditional textiles. After Puno, the train continues to Arequipa, Peru’s second-largest city. Arequipa is famed for its white volcanic stone architecture, particularly the Santa Catalina Monastery, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The journey also passes through Juliaca, a commercial hub, though it is not a regular stop for the luxury train. The route offers passengers the opportunity to explore these destinations through optional excursions, often included in the package. The combination of Cusco, Puno, and Arequipa provides a comprehensive introduction to southern Peru’s cultural and natural heritage. The stations themselves are modest but functional, with the train often using dedicated platforms or sidings for passenger handling.

Rolling stock and service

The Andean Explorer train is composed of refurbished carriages that evoke the elegance of early 20th-century rail travel. The train typically includes a mix of sleeper cars, a dining car, a lounge car, and an observation car with large windows for panoramic views. Accommodations range from twin cabins to larger suites, all with private facilities. The interiors feature polished wood, brass fittings, and fine fabrics, creating a warm and luxurious atmosphere. The dining car offers gourmet meals that often incorporate local Peruvian ingredients, served at set times. The lounge car provides a space for socialising, with a bar serving cocktails and wines. The observation car, often at the rear of the train, has open-air balconies and large windows, ideal for photography and enjoying the scenery. The service is attentive, with a high staff-to-passenger ratio. The train operates with diesel locomotives, as the line is not electrified. The carriages are designed to cope with the high altitude, with oxygen available for passengers who may feel the effects of the thin air. The overall experience is designed to be leisurely, allowing passengers to relax and enjoy the journey rather than simply reaching the destination. The train’s schedule includes stops for excursions, such as a visit to the Uros islands or the Sillustani burial towers.

Technical facts and engineering

The Andean Explorer operates on a standard gauge (1,435 mm) railway line, which is unusual for Peru, where most other lines are narrow gauge. The route includes some remarkable engineering feats, such as the zigzags at Cusco and the numerous bridges and tunnels required to traverse the rugged Andean terrain. The highest point on the route is La Raya pass, at approximately 4,313 metres above sea level, marking the border between the Cusco and Puno regions. The line also crosses the Continental Divide. The track is not electrified, and the train is hauled by diesel locomotives. The steep gradients and tight curves necessitate careful operation, and the train’s speed is moderate, allowing passengers to take in the views. The railway is single-track for much of its length, with passing loops at stations. The infrastructure is maintained by PeruRail, which also operates other tourist trains in the region. The Andean Explorer itself is operated by Belmond under a concession agreement. The carriages are equipped with modern safety systems, including brakes and communication equipment, to ensure a safe journey. The high altitude poses challenges for both locomotives and passengers, and the train’s engines are specially tuned for the thin air. The route’s engineering heritage is a testament to the vision of 19th-century railway builders who overcame immense geographical obstacles.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best time of year to travel on the Andean Explorer? The dry season, from May to October, is generally considered the best time, as clear skies offer the most spectacular views. However, the train operates year-round, and each season has its own charm. How high does the train go? The route reaches its highest point at La Raya pass, at approximately 4,313 metres (14,150 feet) above sea level. Passengers should be prepared for the effects of high altitude, and the train carries oxygen for those who need it. Is the journey suitable for children? The Andean Explorer is primarily aimed at adult travellers, and there are no specific facilities for children. However, older children with an interest in travel may enjoy the experience. What is included in the fare? The fare typically includes accommodation, all meals, and some excursions, but it is best to check with the operator for specific inclusions. The train does not offer regular point-to-point transportation; it is a tourist experience. Can passengers embark or disembark at intermediate stations? Generally, the journey is sold as a package from Cusco to Arequipa (or vice versa), with set embarkation and disembarkation points. Intermediate stops are for excursions only.